Family Theories Practice Test

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• The phrase 'definition of the situation' was coined by:
• According to family development theory, __________ regulate the timing and sequencing of expectations and behaviors.
• Social exchange theory suggests that people will help others without ever knowing if they will experience a reward.
• A chief reason for the decline in popularity of structural functionalism is that it confuses 'function' with 'cause.'
• Which statement would biosocial theory support?
• Which of these is based on what has happened in the past?
• The double ABC-X model by McCubbin and Patterson (1982) adds to the ABC-X model by:
• Tracey Laszloffy's Systemic Family Development Model includes which statement as NOT a feature?
• In biosocial theory, how should behavior be studied?
• In Smith and Hamon, Johnson and colleagues outlined three dimensions of commitment. They note that ________ commitment represents the desire to stay married to one's partner.
• What makes marital conflict the most dramatic form of conflict in families?
• Which statement is false regarding biosocial theory?
• Which of the following statements describes the 'identified patient' in therapy, as used in family systems contexts?
• Which scientist is associated with the idea that nature selects the best-adapted individuals to survive?
• Which term describes a post-crisis period of adjustment in family stress theory?
• Deviation from social norms leads to disorganization which is bad for society. True or False?
• Why are group dynamics different in families than in other groups?
• Sexuality between intimate partners seems to be governed by the norm of reciprocity.
• Which concept explains why some roles receive more attention than others in a person’s life?
• Which outcome is described as an advantage of conflict in discussions and negotiations?
• Who is credited with introducing the term symbolic interactionism?
• In which feminist theory is women's unpaid domestic labor central to oppression?
• According to Smith and Hamon which of the following is NOT an assumption of the family ecological framework?
• Josiah's concerns illustrate which commitment process in Stanley and Markman's model?
• According to Hill's roller-coaster profile, which stage is characterized by a family's attempts to cope with a stress-provoking event?
• In conflict theory, which of the following is a reason for ongoing conflict over resources?
• Rejecting both social norms and the typical ways social norms are achieved is an example of what?
• Eco, the prefix of ecosystem, comes from the Greek word 'oikos' meaning
• According to Hill's model, which stage follows crisis and represents regaining organization?
• According to Talcott Parsons, what is the key system in society?
• Which of the following is FALSE according to conflict theorists?
• In the dinner scenario, the mother's reaction is an example of:
• Which term describes the long-term evolutionary forces that shape behavior?
• The statement 'Assertion is acting in a way that affirms one's rights and positions but does so at the expense of others' is:
• Which system represents settings or institutions NOT directly experienced by the person, but which affect development in less direct ways?
• Rejecting both the social norms and the typical ways they are achieved, but also trying to form a new social structure, is an example of what?
• Darwin's theory suggested that nature selects those individuals who are best adapted to the environment to survive. What is this mechanism commonly called?
• If an individual accepts both the goals of society and the legitimate means to achieve them, this is called:
• The stress generated within a person when he or she cannot comply with a role is called:
• Which statement best reflects Hill's roller-coaster profile in crisis adjustment?
• Which metaphor is used to describe how families balance influence among members?
• The Thomas Theorem states that if people define situations as real, they are:
• The phrase 'Dependent on her partner' describes Charlotte's level of dependence affecting divorce decisions.
• Which concept best captures how changes in one family member’s behavior can ripple through the entire family system?
• According to Hill's roller-coaster profile of adjustment to crisis, learning to meet the needs of a newborn infant would be an example of which stage?
• Which system includes the customs, attitudes, ideologies, values and laws of the culture in which the person lives?
• Alicia and Chris have been arguing; Cooper overhears and later behaves at school; the principal calls the parents in; they come to therapy. Alicia starts by saying they have come for help because Cooper is having problems at school. Which of the following terms would describe Cooper's role?
• Which claim aligns with symbolic interactionists’ view of meaning?
• From a microsocial standpoint, conflict in families is most clearly understood as arising from
• Feminist theory is activist on behalf of women; it attempts to improve the condition of girls and women.
• Which statement best describes the effect of resource scarcity on intergroup dynamics, according to conflict theory?
• According to social exchange theory, those who receive more than what they think they deserve are likely to feel
• The second stage in Mead's development of the self, the game stage, is characterized by:
• Which of the following statements aligns with biosocial theory?
• A niche is something that fulfills a function and is based on a set of stable activities or patterns of behavior.
• Alejandro's costs relative to attending college are best described as which type?
• Which term describes assigning value to tasks based on gender division within a family?
• According to Murdock (1949) which of the following is NOT one of the four universal family functions?
• In the ABC-X model, which letter represents the crisis outcome after considering A, B, and C?
• Which of the following is an acute stressor?
• Sarah and her family have recovered from a serious family crisis and are stronger now. How would you describe their adaptation?
• There are three types of environments in which humans interact according to this theory. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
• Which system would cover the broader societal context, including cultural norms and laws?
• McCubbin and Patterson (1985) identified three categories of resources. Which of the following is an example of a family resource?
• Two individuals with the same genetic composition, living in entirely different environments, will exhibit most of the same behaviors according to biosocial theory.
• In Parsons' framework, what distinction is drawn between biologically predetermined status and earned status?
• In the ABC-X model, which component encompasses personal characteristics like self-esteem and material items like money, time, and space?
• An interaction between two settings, such as family and school influencing each other, is an example of which system?
• Which factor explains why family dynamics differ from other groups?
• Which of the following is NOT one of Rusbult's three variables for commitment, from a social exchange perspective?
• In the open system description, a family is said to:
• Constraint in commitment theory refers to external pressures that prevent leaving a relationship.
• Sam's punishment for inviting Charlie over without permission is an example of which type of feedback?
• According to family development theory, it does not matter when something happens, only that families are able to move along to the next stage. True or False?
• Conflict management requires recognizing which condition?
• According to Smith and Hamon, which statement is true about symbolic interaction?
• The notion that rewards should be proportional to costs and profits proportional to investments is distributive justice.
• In conflict management, which requirement is essential?
• Reciprocity in intimate relationships implies mutual exchange of resources.
• In the ABC-X model, which component is associated with the family's interpretation or meaning assigned to the stressor?
• Which statement describes proximate causes in behavioral biology?
• According to ecological theory, overarching institutions and norms of the culture are found in which system?
• Which branch of feminism, prominent in the 1960s and 1970s, argues that male domination is the central problem in society?
• According to Duvall and Miller, which is a stage-sensitive developmental task for the newly married couple?
• Which of the following statements best reflects Parsons' view about the family and society?
• If a person has a biological predisposition, biosocial theory would say what about its expression?
• A contemporary critique of symbolic interaction theory is that its key concepts are:
• Which term describes adhering to social norms and the means without aiming for the goals?
• The more _________________ Charlotte is, the less likely she is to end her marriage.
• Equilibrium can be defined as:
• What term describes the process by which value is assigned to tasks after men and women divide them?
• According to symbolic interaction theory, the more important a role is to us, the greater its:
• Which of the following statements best describes the primary critique of family development theory regarding applicability to family forms?
• What term refers to the genetic structure we are born with?
• Which statement about social exchange theory best aligns with Smith and Hamon's view?
• Measures of quality of human life that assess marital satisfaction or housing quality are evaluating at which level?
• Which form of feminism emphasizes that gender oppression is the central framework of oppression?
• Which statement about the work-family conflict among IBM employees is supported by the material?
• The 'identified patient' is the person in the family who:
• Sarah wears plaid shoes because all of her friends are wearing plaid shoes. This behavior is:
• What is one advantage of the Double ABCX Model over Hill's earlier ABCX Model?
• In the TV remote scenario, Mark's behavior is best described as which term?
• William Isaac Thomas coined which phrase that emphasizes understanding subjective perspectives of people in an interaction?
• The idea that social reality is constructed through interaction and interpretation is central to which theory?
• The idea that societal survival depends on shared norms and values is associated with which theorist?
• Feminist family theories analyze the role of what in marriages?
• Which level includes language, laws, norms and values as part of ecological theory?
• An overarching assumption of symbolic interaction, according to Smith and Hamon, is that:
• Which form of feminism believes that all other forms of oppression come second to gender oppression?
• Angela and Alberto constantly spend evenings and weekends together. Their children go to school but are not encouraged to join school or community activities. They may not have friends to their home to play or stay overnight. This family would be described as:
• The third wave of feminism is still a work in progress.
• Which option is NOT one of the three dimensions of commitment identified by Smith, Hamon, and Johnson?
• Smith and Hamon describe feminists who emphasize and celebrate traits traditionally associated with femininity to promote equality. Which label do they give these feminists?
• Alberto and Maria decide to see who can lose more weight over the next two months. What word best describes this process?
• The way in which a family system changes its relationship rules, power structure, and role expectancies in response to either normal developmental changes or crises depends upon its:
• Conflict can end only when both parties reach a mutually recognized agreement.
• Adaptation is the ability to change or increase the level of fitness in order to improve the chances of survival with greater numbers of offspring.
• What is a primary criticism of family development theory?
• In Rusbult's model, which variable refers to the resources invested in the relationship that cannot be recovered if the relationship ends?
• Which system represents the immediate environment of the person?
• Which of the following best describes the relationship emphasized by biosocial theory?
• Which level includes broad cultural norms and institutions that shape a society?
• According to Smith and Hamon, family stages are associated with changes in which factors?
• Which concept explains that an individual's fitness can be enhanced by the success of relatives?
• Which statement reflects a key assumption about the relationship between individual development and family development?
• A claim that biology solely determines behavior is most consistent with.
• Who was the first to use the term symbolic interactionism?
• In the ABC-X Model of family stress, the 'A' represents:
• Feminist family theory focuses primarily on the traditional nuclear heterosexual family.
• In the resource framework, which of the following is NOT a category of resources proposed by McCubbin and Patterson?
• According to conflict theory, time, affection, and money would all be considered:
• Which term refers to the process of observing oneself as an object and acting toward oneself, as described in symbolic interactionism?
• Which is NOT an overarching theme of symbolic interactionism?
• Which concept concerns the timing of events such as love, marriage, and childbearing within the family life cycle?
• W. D. Hamilton believed in the concept of ______, which includes fitness of relatives.
• The statement 'The first step in the analysis of how views of reality are constructed by social interactions is called social discourse' is true.
• In family systems theory, the mobile analogy is used to illustrate that families operate as what?
• According to biosocial theory, behavior results from a complex interplay between biology and environment.
• Which statement is TRUE according to family development theory?
• Which term describes positive adaptation following a family crisis?
• In the ecological framework, adaptation is described as the process of
• Which of the following is NOT a theme of feminist theories?
• Which system represents the immediate context of a child's daily interactions, such as family, school, and peers?
• Which statement is NOT true of the stages in family development theory?
• A man avoids societal rewards and the frustrations of attaining them by retreating from those goals. This deviant behavior is:
• According to some family systems theorists, which family role is most likely to be played by the eldest child?
• According to Smith and Hamon, a double bind
• Investment costs are defined as the money and time spent to earn a degree that will improve future outcomes.
• In evaluating behavior, biosocial theory would encourage researchers to examine.
• Conflict is more indirect and less personal than competition.
• The pizza example illustrates which basic assumption of family systems theory?
• A microsocial perspective on family conflict would primarily focus on
• In ecological terms, which level describes the direct interactions a person has with family and school?
• A child gets in trouble at school today and again after coming home. This illustrates which level of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
• According to Hill's roller-coaster profile of adjustment, families go through four stages when faced with a crisis:
• Which statement captures the need to consider multiple perspectives in conflict management?
• Which statement best captures biosocial theory?
• Which term is used to describe the influence of past evolutionary processes on current behavior?
• In Tracey Laszloffy's model, what does the 'layer cake' metaphor illustrate?
• Which of the following best describes a microsocial perspective of conflict theory?
• Luke and Laura focus on seeking information and support in dealing with their daughter's illness. In the ABC-X model, what component are they focusing on?
• What term did Cooley use for the internalized image of ourselves reflecting others' appraisals?
• A key implication of biosocial theory for intervention is that changing environmental factors can influence behavior.
• The term that best describes why people choose to be parents is what?
• During the contraction phase of family development, children leave the family home. True or False?
• Which system represents the links that exist between microsystems?
• During the expansion phase of family development, the statement 'children leave the home and expand into their own families' is:
• Which system would include contexts like a parent's workplace affecting the child, even though the child does not directly experience it?
• Which statement is TRUE regarding transitions in the family life cycle?
• According to systems theory, in the Laura and Mike scenario, which statement is true?
• Change in family relationships is precipitated by which factors according to Smith and Hamon?
• The standard by which people evaluate the rewards and costs of a relationship (in terms of what they think the relationship should bring them or what they deserve in a relationship, given what they know about other similar relationships) is called
• According to Biosocial Theory, which of the following is focused on the interaction between 'ultimate' causes and 'proximate' causes?
• Does conflict theory propose that society tends to seek equilibrium?
• The statement “Families interact in repetitive behavioral sequences” is known as which principle?
• According to feminist theory, is there an objective, unbiased observation of humans?
• Even though Sarah does not find Alex all that attractive, she does appreciate his kindness, his intelligence and his sense of humor. What kind of cost exchange has Sarah made?
• Biosocial theory would disagree with the view that genetics alone fix behavioral outcomes.
• Which statement best captures a central idea of family development theory?
• In Parsons' theory, which is classified as an instrumental task?
• According to ecological theory, language, laws, norms, and values are part of which environment?
• Feminist family theory has been criticized for which of the following reasons?
• Which form of feminism focuses on women's reproductive abilities and household labor?
• Which statement best captures the role commonly assigned to the eldest child in some family theories?
• Which concept describes helping relatives to increase the overall genetic propagation?
• Conforming to a social norm, but doing so by showing deviant behavior, is an example of what?
• Which branch of feminism is associated with valuing feminine traits and celebrating differences between the sexes to achieve equality?
• Which statement best reflects feminist theory's stance on objectivity?
• The most central concept or the most basic notion of the human ecological theory is
• In the remote control scenario, which word best describes Mark's behavior?
• Behaviors that differ from the social norm are said to be:
• In studies of work-family conflict over the family life cycle, which group reported the highest conflicts?
• The children's ditty about kissing and marriage is illustrative of what concept?
• Which concept best describes the Peabody's feelings of joy that their twins bring them despite the worry and exhaustion they still face?
• Talcott Parsons believed which of the following statements were true? - the family is the key system in society - deviation from social norms leads to disorganization which is bad for society - the key to societal survival is shared norms and values
• Which of the following statements is FALSE according to biosocial theory?
• Both partners must have equal give and take at all times during a relationship for them to consider the relationship equitable.
• The distinction between being assigned a status at birth and achieving status through actions is known as:
• At which stage of the family life cycle do families begin to contract?
• What is a common criticism of human ecological theory?
• According to Smith and Hamon, which statement about family development theory is TRUE?
• People judge whether their relationship is profitable or not based in part on what they see others experiencing.
• Which of the following terms is used regarding the relationship between genetic predispositions and social interactions?
• The capacity to step outside of oneself and treat oneself as an object in one’s environment, and to act toward oneself, is what Mead called:
• Biosocial theory is best described as which type of explanation?
• Symbolic Interactionism proposed that:
• Biosocial theory would predict that changes in which of the following could alter the expression of a biological predisposition?